Elephant Bush

Portulacaria afra

Also called Dwarf jade, Spekboom, Porkbush.

Red stems and tiny round leaves on a fast-growing shrub. A favorite for succulent bonsai.

  • LightSome sun (2 of 3)
  • WaterThirstier (3 of 3)
  • Beginner friendly
  • Pet safety unknown
Elephant bush branches with small, round, glossy green leaves on reddish-brown stems.
Photo: Dinkum on Wikimedia Commons · CC0 1.0 Universal (Public Domain Dedication). Resized and converted to WebP.

Key facts

Light
Bright light, some direct sunBright light with plenty of direct sun. Grows and branches best in sunny spots.
Water
Water deeply when the soil is dry. A little more often than most succulents in summer; sparingly in winter.
Soil
Cactus mix. Shallow bonsai pots work well once it's established.
Pets
Pet safety unknownNot on the ASPCA's toxic or non-toxic plant lists, so we can't say it's safe. It's often described as low risk, and elephants and goats graze it in the wild, but keep it out of reach until you've checked with your vet.What to do if a pet eats a plant
Difficulty
Beginner friendly

More details

Temperature
Keep above 40°F (4°C). Not frost hardy.
Growing season
Spring and summer.
Size
Indoors, 1–3 ft (30–90 cm). Responds well to pruning.
Propagate from
Stem cuttings
Native to
South Africa and Mozambique.

Why people love it

Elephant bush looks like a jade plant shrunk down, with reddish-brown stems and dainty leaves. It grows fast and roots easily from cuttings. It also takes pruning very well, which makes it one of the most popular succulents for bonsai.

Care in a nutshell

  • Prune freely. Every cut makes it branch, and every cutting can become a new plant.
  • Sun for strong stems. In low light, stems become long, thin, and floppy.
  • It drinks a little more. It’s still a succulent, but it tolerates slightly more frequent watering than most — once the soil is dry.

Watch out for

  • Leaf drop after a sudden change in light or watering. It usually grows back.
  • Wrinkled leaves when thirsty. It plumps back up within a day of watering.

Fun fact: In South Africa, spekboom thickets are being restored on a large scale to fight land degradation. They’re also studied for their potential to store carbon.

Next steps

Learn the basics behind this care card, or check a problem.